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A comeback (or come-from-behind) is an occurrence of an athlete or sports team engaged in a competition overcoming a substantial disadvantage in points or position, particularly if this results in the disadvantaged team winning. It has been described as "the single greatest aspect of competition that most embodies the spirit of what makes sport extraordinary".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top 5 Epic Sports Comebacks )〕 It has been observed in spectator sports that "dramatic play seems to involve both players; cheering would often escalate when one player gained momentum, and then his/her opponent suddenly turned the tables and made a comeback", with such a result drawing more enthusiasm than one competitor defeating the other without giving up any points.〔Todd Harper, ''The Culture of Digital Fighting Games: Performance and Practice'' (20130), p. 43.〕 Fans are likely to feel better about a team that loses after staging a "comeback that fell just short" than a team that lost by the same score after having played evenly throughout the match, and then allowed the other team the winning score at the end.〔 Tobias J. Moskowitz, L. Jon Wertheim, ''Scorecasting: The Hidden Influences Behind How Sports Are Played and Games Are Won'' (2012), p. 77-78.〕 In some sports, the time that it takes to score points makes a comeback impossible when there is too great a point disadvantage to overcome in the time remaining. It has been noted, however, that "()n some sports, such as tennis or baseball, a comeback is possible until the very last point, regardless of what the deficit might be".〔Francesco Duina, ''Winning: Reflections on an American Obsession'' (2010), p. 30.〕 Many sporting news outlets have compiled lists of "greatest comebacks" for various sports.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Greatest Sporting Comebacks Of All Time )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top-ten greatest sporting comebacks of all time )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Great comebacks in sports history )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The 10 greatest comebacks in sports history )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The 10 greatest comebacks of all time )〕〔 Some academic study of sports comebacks has been conducted. One study indicated that in the sports of basketball, football, and ice hockey, the team leading in points at the beginning of the final period of play wins the game 80% of the time, with the trailing team overcoming this disadvantage 20% of the time.〔Paramjit S. Gilla, "Late-Game Reversals in Professional Basketball, Football, and Hockey", ''The American Statistician'', Vol. 54, No. 2 (May, 2000), pp. 94-99, DOI:10.1080/00031305.2000.10474518.〕 Another determined that the home team advantage has a significant impact on the probability of a team engineering a late comeback, noting that for professional basketball teams, "the home team is more than three times as likely to make a fourth-quarter comeback than is the visiting team (33.3% versus 10.5%)".〔Harris Cooper, Kristina M. Deneve, and Frederick Mosteller, "Predicting professional sports game outcomes from intermediate game scores", ''CHANCE'', Volume 5, Issue 3-4, 1992, p. 18-22, DOI:10.1080/09332480.1992.10554981.〕 A comeback by one competitor may coincide with, or be alternatively characterized as, a "choke" by the opponent allowing the comeback.〔Alan W. Heaton and Harold Sigall, "The “Championship Choke” Revisited: The Role of Fear of Acquiring a Negative Identity", ''Journal of Applied Social Psychology'', Vol. 19, No. 12 (September 1989), p. 1019–1033, DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01236.x. See, e.g., Tony Lee, ''Greatest Rivalries in Sports'' (2014), p. 19: "Red Sox fans called it the greatest comeback in sports history. Or, if they wanted to insult the hated Yankees, they called it the biggest choke in sports history"; Sal Maiorana, ''Buffalo Bills: The Complete Illustrated History'' (2010), p. 131: "()he Bills somehow came together and pulled off the greatest comeback the NFL has ever seen..." but "'It was the biggest choke in history', Houston cornerback Cris Dishman said".〕 ==American football== There is no official definition or statistic for comebacks in American football, but many fans note the ability of certain teams to mount a comeback late in the game. A team may have a second-half comeback after having fallen well behind in the first half, or a fourth-quarter comeback after having fallen well behind with only one quarter of play remaining. Certain comebacks are particularly historically significant. For example, in American football, "The Comeback" refers to a specific NFL playoff game between the Buffalo Bills and the Houston Oilers played January 3, 1993. It featured the Bills recovering from a 32-point halftime deficit to win in overtime, 41–38.〔〔〔〔R. D. Griffith, ''To the NFL: You Sure Started Somethin' ''(2012), p. 50.〕 This has been referred to as "the greatest comeback in NFL history".〔〔Dustin Long, ''Greatest Comebacks in Sports'' (2014), p. 25-27.〕 The 2006 Michigan State vs. Northwestern football game featured the largest comeback in NCAA Division 1-A history, when the Michigan State Spartans rallied to score 38 unanswered points to beat the Northwestern Wildcats 41–38 after falling behind 38–3 with 9:54 left in the 3rd quarter.〔"(Spartans stun Cats for biggest comeback in I-A history )", ''ESPN'' (October 24, 2006).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Comeback (sports)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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